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                <text>The Hosay Celebration on August 17, 2016 in Racecourse, Clarendon was in full swing with the playing bass drums</text>
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                  <text>Kumina continues to be recognized and preserved as a unique and distinct facet of Jamaica’s African Heritage. It is still an integral feature of worship ceremonies especially in the eastern region of the island where it is practiced and passed from generation to generation. &#13;
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                <text>Mastery of this drum, especially the “heeling” technique (pressing of heels against the skin of the drum to vary tone) requires intense training to be able to produce the precise rhythms to attract, control and appease the appropriate spirits.</text>
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                  <text>Kumina continues to be recognized and preserved as a unique and distinct facet of Jamaica’s African Heritage. It is still an integral feature of worship ceremonies especially in the eastern region of the island where it is practiced and passed from generation to generation. &#13;
&#13;
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                <text>The seal is specially designed by the Spiritual Leader, who is directed by the ancestral spirits or the Nkuyu. It is a moderately sized circle with inscriptions, numbers, letters and images.  Candles and bottles of soda are sometimes added as in this photograph.</text>
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                  <text>Kumina continues to be recognized and preserved as a unique and distinct facet of Jamaica’s African Heritage. It is still an integral feature of worship ceremonies especially in the eastern region of the island where it is practiced and passed from generation to generation. &#13;
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                <text>Kumina session at the  Nine Night of the late Gerald Walker.</text>
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&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>Kumina table  showcased in an exhibition on Kumina at the offices of the African Caribbean Institute of Jamaica/Jamaica Memory Bank in May 2002</text>
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                <text>Libation is a part of the ritual that takes place  under the Kindah Tree.jpg</text>
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&#13;
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                <text>Rum, vital for curing skins and appeasing the nkuyu is kept close.</text>
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                  <text>The Jamaican Maroons are descendants of maroons, Africans who escaped from slavery on the island of Jamaica and established free communities in the mountainous interior, primarily in the eastern parishes. African slaves imported during the Spanish period likely were the first to develop such refugee communities.</text>
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