https://memorybankja.org.jm/files/original/bdd4b00697ff0f5ffb6d5b5257f6b201.JPG 28b9b069f8d82d97710984f776566c52 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jonkonnu Band Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The African Caribbean Institute of Jamaica/Jamaica Memory Bank Description An account of the resource The Jonkonnu tradition was formed centuries ago and reached its peak during the 18th century when enslaved Africans on sugar plantations and large pens formed Jonkonnu bands as a major part of their Christmas holiday celebration. At first, the bands were encouraged on the estates, but were later suppressed by the authorities due to a fear of the event being a guise under which uprisings could be planned. The authorities discouraged the gatherings of Blacks, as well as the use of drums, and the blowing of horns and conch shells, which were not only a part of the musical elements of the bands but also a means of communication by the enslaved. After emancipation in 1838, Jonkonnu suffered a decline as the nonconformist missionaries tried to get rid of pagan amusements among converts. Jonkonnnu characters vary across the island, but all characters are traditionally played by men. If the characters speak at all, it will be in hoarse whispers for, as part of the tradition, their identities should not be known. Those who watch the antics displayed by the Jonkonnu are expected to contribute money to the band to defray the cost of their costumes or to provide refreshment for the group. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jonkonnu Dancers Description An account of the resource 'Fi Wi Sinting', Portland Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The African Caribbean Institute of Jamaica/Jamaica Memory Bank Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource February 17, 2013 costume festival masquerade